Special Elite
• Using Word Relationships Word recall can be triggered by use of the relationships between words. A Superhero open-ended game to use with any of the included cards, or any of your materials. Home treatment for word-retrieval (e.g., Expressive Aphasia, Anomia, etc.) Word retrieval online worksheet for 8th. 2.
Cherry Cream Soda
The games focus on children connecting words through rhyming words, starting sounds, categories and parts of items to idea, Short Word Retrieval Activities for Speech Therapy. The download includes: 200 category cards, 9 main categories, and 50 subcategories. Close. Love Ya Like A Sister
A poster describing word retrieval strategies. Shows resources that can work for all subjects areas, Word Finding/Word Retrieval Assessment for Phonological Processing SkillsWord finding or word retrieval is an individual's ability to think of or use words. More word retrieval strategies! This material was designed for speech-language professionals and can be used as a good resource when treating individuals with word retrieval deficits. Freckle Face
Wherever the student may need support! Fontdiner Swanky
Escolar
It can be used as a supplement to more formal language assessment measures, such as being administered in addition to tests of expressive/receptive vocabulary or f, Similar to my Following Directions with Synonyms & Antonyms activity, this product allows you to target vocabulary concepts (this time, categories!) Unkempt
Contact the author at catrkenney@yahoo.com. Is this a word retrieval activity or a memory activity? Patrick Hand
Word Retrieval includes 7 different activity types. What’s the opposite of the word “open”?) Note that low beginning analogies have been created so that one word is static. Size:
Are you getting the free resources, updates, and special offers we send out every week in our teacher newsletter? This visual can be used in therapy, in the classroom, or at home. Play like dominoes! Ribeye Marrow
I created this informal assessment in order to obtain a wide variety of information about different language skills commonly targeted by SLPs in a quick and efficien, This packet includes: Some of the worksheets for this concept are Walc 8 word finding, Activities to help s word retrieval skills, Work, Word finding why work on naming, 185 understanding word retrieval problems, Percent word problems, Word retrieval its impact on learning, 3rd grade word search 3. Arial
Great for home practice or for speech therapy Get your kids excited about their next lesson with these third grade word search worksheets and printables! Some strategies that have been suggested for word retrieval include:•Expanding and deepening a student's knowledge of word … Also included in: Word finding difficulties and word retrieval difficulties games THE BUNDLE! Word Retrieval Strategies. Black Ops One
The included worksheets and visual aids are perfect for homework or handouts! Word Retrieval Exercises for Adolescents and Adults (#49731-IN) Ages 13 through adult. Shadows Into Light Two
If you see a message asking for permission to access the microphone, please allow. This material was designed for speech-language professionals and can be used as a good resource when treating individuals with word retrieval deficits. By using common phrases – or creating sentences where the word to use is obvious – children can develop rapid retrieval skills. This week, we feature our first Research Snapshot , a quick rundown of one powerful strategy and the research to back it up: Metacognition Sheets. Complete word pair game. Orbitron
Gloria Hallelujah
You can do the exercises online or download the worksheet as pdf. You recognize the photo, etc. 826 results for word retrieval speech therapy. 11
Also included in: Middle/High School Speech Therapy Bundle! WORKSHEETS for Word Retrieval: Activities/strategies to target categorization and word association. Jul 25, 2018 - 6 word retrieval activities that you can do with your child to improve his ability to think of the right word. 60
while working on following directions! A Superhero open-ended game to use with any of the included cards, or any of your materials. Rock Salt
Convergent Naming (This is an animal that has fur and four legs and is used to catch mice.)
Click each product to read more about the games and what they include.Make sure you ar, Looking for some ideas on how to encourage word finding skills with your speech therapy clients? We all have those moments when we can’t think of the right word, in that instant, we’re having a word retrieval problem. I will continue to add new games to this bundle! Activities for adults with problems with word finding and word retrieval. They might try to solve this problem by using a filler word: that thing, the whatsamacallit, oh you know, whatsherface.These generic words are devoid of meaning, so they fail to communicate the intended message. Student write the word they think of (or two words). My focus here is the language, not manipulating a pencil. while working on following directions! This game can be played however you would like. Advanced search. Includes 1 each of: - Choose the Right Answer Worksheet ---- an answer bank of category labels used to classify the word lists in each of 10 sentences + an answer bank of items used to replace the item of the same category in each of 10 sentences Reenie Beanie
Accommodations are adjustments to make sure kids have equal access to curriculum and ways to be successful. Here's a screening tool that will help the decision making process run smoothly. Speech therapy, Following Directions Word Retrieval Game for Speech Therapy CATEGORIES, PHOTO CARDS: Nouns, Parts, Verbs for speech therapy, word retrieval, TELETHERAPY, Categories Game Activity for Speech Therapy Word Retrieval Vocabulary, VISUAL for Word Finding/Retrieval Strategies (Speech Therapy), Speech and Language Screening Pre-K through 5th Grade, Informal Language Screener/Assessment for Speech Therapy. Use these pictured objects to elicit assocations, categorization, compare/contrast, etc. Aug 22, 2017 - Free Printable Crossword Puzzle for teens, adults, seniors Open Sans
Comic Neue
… Jolly Lodger
Use this book to build word-retrieval skills in clients with language impairments resulting from brain injury. Word retrieval means a person’s ability to think of the right word when he/she needs it, such as during conversation. This is a pack of a few word maps and then four games to help children with word finding difficulties or word retrieval difficulties to 'file' words in their mind for later use. The disorder is often a side affect of a stroke, or other brain injury and is a result of damage sustained to one of … Problems with word retrieval are usually associated with an acquired language disorder known as aphasia. Rancho
Fredoka One
100 cards are provided with ten synonym directions and ten antonym directions in each of 5 different categor, This resource can be used informal assessment or screening tool, specifically to look at word retrieval and language formulation skills. Make sure you are following me on Teachers Pay Teachers and Instagram (@spiffyspeech)! 18
13
Luckiest Guy
10
Indie Flower
Chewy
There are over 100 pages of activities geared towards building student’s word retrieval and word knowledge.This packet includes fruits and vegetables. Russo One
I really don’t care. 40
A variety of words are targeted in 3 formats: identifying associated words, n, Get your students moving while they work on vocabulary, following directions, listening comprehension, and working memory --- at the same time! Organize It! For example, a cue for “thermometer” could be “thirsty mom;” a cue for South Korean president Moon Jae In could be a … Have students pair-up different items and explain their rationale for the pairing. Please use them freely with your clients, including photocopying them, but do not otherwise publish or print this material, post it on the web, or sell it for profit. 28
The activities may be reproduced for distribution to clients and their caregivers. Lobster Two
12
This bundle includes printable speech therapy activities, compensatory strategies, functional goal examples and a cueing hierarchy for each section. Word-retrieval: difficulty with thinking of the right word to say or write.I call it Tip-Of-The-Tongue Syndrome because it's like everything is on the tip of your tongue.. You know the concept in your head. This is a list of classroom accommodations for students with communication disorders. Expected Outcomes Participants will: Gain an understanding of what word retrieval is and what it is not Describe the characteristics of WFD and how it … This packet includes: 1. due to stroke or TBI. Feb 12, 2013 - Explore Jenna SLP's board "Vocabulary/Word-Retrieval", followed by 201 people on Pinterest. Leveled WH Question, Describing, Activity- Speech Therapy. Approximately 30 categories are targeted in 2 formats: providing the category label and naming items in a ca. Saved by Joan. Ever had that "tip of your tongue" feeling? Tips for Understanding word-retrieval when it affects writing, plus worksheets & resources for home treatment. 22
That's word finding! Two puzzles (have students earn a piece for every two or three correct res, The Functional Therapy Materials Bundle includes 200+ pages of functional activities and printable resources that target real world cognitive-linguistic skills.Included in this bundle: Client Intake QuestionnaireFunctional ReadingMenusLabelsReceiptsAdvertisements/CouponsWeatherAppointmentsFilling ou, Growing bundle includes 18 files for a total of 30 games (some of the games include multiple game boards) that you can use during teletherapy or in-person sessions! 2. 11. Covered By Your Grace
Lingraphica Co-founder and Chief Scientist, Dr. Richard Steele, summarizes findings of Dutch researchers regarding the retrieval of nouns and verbs in persons with aphasia based on four factors: word class, age of acquisition, imageability, and word frequency. Schoolbell
Mountains of Christmas
Clients are asked to define words, state opposites, name words with specific characteristics, complete sentences, describe events in detail, etc. FREEBIE for identifying and generating category labels taken from my Categories Word Retrieval/Vocabulary Activity for Speech Therapy unit!. They then discuss their ideas in groups or class.Reading comprehension, writing exercises and critical thinking all in one worksheet which can also be used as the basis for conversation or a classroom discussion. We've removed the jargon, replaced it with key takeaways, and added a new download, too . 16
Coming Soon
$14.99. Word finding difficulties and word retrieval difficulties games and word maps. As your students hunt for hidden words in our third grade word search worksheets, they grow their reading, spelling, and vocabulary skills. Just Me Again Down Here
3. Sacramento
Perhaps they have suffered from a TBI, concussion or stroke and are experiencing, This game is great for addressing, CATEGORIZATION , WORD FINDING and EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONING skills. Henny Penny
Unit 3: One Word Analogies This unit contains classic analogies worksheets in which students must choose the pair of words that best express a relationship similar to that expressed in the original pair. Yanone Kaffeesatz
Ubuntu
Word Retrieval Worksheets Bundle This bundle includes printable speech therapy activities, compensatory strategies, functional goal examples and a cueing hierarchy for each section. Creepster
Fredericka the Great
Clients are asked to define words, state opposites, name words with specific characteristics, complete sentences, describe events in detail, etc. Activities to help _____’s word-retrieval skills The terms “word retrieval problem” or “word finding difficulty” imply that the person knows and understands the word, and has used it correctly before. We know research can be intimidating. ability to categorize will stimulate more effective coding and retrieval of words. Pernament Marker
Pacifico
Handout with definition and strategies to improve word retrieval. As a school-based SLP, I list accommodations in the IEPs as well as give classroom accommodations to teac, Great as a digital therapy resource! Multi Level Word Retrieval Unit BOOM™ Cards for Speech Therapy Distance Learning, Following Directions Word Retrieval Game for Speech Therapy WORD ASSOCIATIONS, Following Directions Word Retrieval Game BUNDLE, Following Directions Word Retrieval Game for Speech Therapy SYNONYMS & ANTONYMS, Word Retrieval & Language Formulation: Informal Assessment Tool, Speech Therapy, Word Retrieval & Language Formulation: Growing Bundle! Common Causes of Word Finding Problems: Stroke: This is the most common cause of word finding difficulty in adults. Displaying top 8 worksheets found for - Word Finding. Gurmukhi
Amatic SC
Bubblegum Sans
The words are: ax, hammer, nail, nut, pliers, saw, screw, screwdriver, wire, wrench. Contains 250 photo cards!50 level 1 noun cards (basic) like "dog," "airplane"50 level 2 noun cards (advanced) like "telescope," "roller coaster"50 object/animal cards for labeling or IDing parts or features like "bike," "necklace"50 level 1 verb cards (basic) like "eating," "throwing"50 level 2 verb. {a word retrieval game}, Categorization, Word Retrieval, Vocabulary Bounce House, Speech and Language IEP Accommodations for all Students, GREAT FOR TELETHERAPY! 8
It will however, provide a clear picture of stude, Screening students for potential language disorders, re-evaluating, and monitoring progress of language skills can be a daunting task. 4. Kalam
A poster describing word retrieval strategies. Helping adults with word retrieval skills can be a challenge. Growing bundle includes resources that can be used to assess and address word retrieval and language formulation issues! Do you have students who are working on improving their word finding or retrieval skills? Functional Speech Therapy Materials Bundle, DIGITAL GAMES (Growing) Bundle: Speech therapy, teletherapy, PowerPoint, fun, Word Retrieval Handouts + Alphabet Boards for aphasia, expressive language, Categorize It! Picture Cloze for Tool Words - Printable Worksheet Fill in th missing words in the text given a picture prompt, using the tool word bank. Back to School Bundle for Speech Therapy - 15 Products/Bundles!! 1. NOTE: this is not a standardized test and will not provide formal scores. 50
produce words when given their definitions, but others haven’t. The second word could be that from a friends. 9
It comes with ideas for f. This bundle includes printable speech therapy activities, compensatory strategies, functional goal examples and a cueing hierarchy for each section. Dancing Script
Speech therapy. I know there is a lot of research demonstrating that music supports memory, and I know that I can recall lyrics from songs I haven’t heard in decades. The games focus on children connecting words through rhyming words, starting sounds, categories and parts of items to idea 4. Go to the answers. Architects Daughter
A poster describing visualization strategies. Neucha
This visual support includes 6 word finding strategies to remind students to use. There are over 100 pages of activities geared towards building student's word retrieval and word knowledge.This packet includes fruits and vegetables. BOOKS for Word Retrieval: 80
Look at the top of your web browser. Satisfy
“Fill in the blanks” activities strengthen word retrieval skills, by providing children with time to think.
Some strategies that have been suggested for word retrieval include:•Expanding and deepening a student's knowledge of word meaning. Teachers Pay Teachers is an online marketplace where teachers buy and sell original educational materials. Crafty Girls
All worksheets and photographs within were created by, and are property of Cat Kenney. Pull up the resource using the screen sharing feature. Middle/High School Speech Therapy Bundle! Also included in: Back to School Bundle for Speech Therapy - 15 Products/Bundles!! Word finding difficulties and word retrieval difficulties games THE BUNDLE! Pinyon Script
What's, This is a pack of a few word maps and then EIGHT games to help children with word finding difficulties or word retrieval difficulties to 'file' words in their mind for later use. Lobster
Grand Hotel
20
Fun at the circus.
Remember that word finding cues are not necessarily related in meaning to the target word; they need to have a phonological connection. Activities Of Daily Living Activities For Adults Aphasia Therapy Speech Therapy Speech Language Pathology Speech And Language What Is Occupational Therapy Brain Memory Learning Styles. :)This resource contains 50 fun and colorful picture cards that have basic nouns and also picture scenes that combine people/places/things. Word Retrieval Worksheets Bundle. However, they have difficulty retrieving such known words at times. 14
What do you want to do? Add a dance or gestures, and get more senses involved! This material was designed for speech-language professionals and can be used as a good resource when treating individuals with word retrieval deficits. Low print option as wel, Should a student be referred for a speech evaluation? Click on individual resources included to learn more. Purchase a few p, Focuses on teaching categorization skills through category sorting, awareness of main categories and subcategories, and naming categories using first sound cues and confrontational naming. Word Finding Diagram. School SLPs face this question regularly. 3. Improve your spoken word-retrieval. Bangers
Perfect for distance learning or speech tele-therapy!What's Included: - 20 Identi, Similar to my Following Directions with Synonyms & Antonyms activity and Categories products, this product allows you to target vocabulary concepts (this time, word associations!) 32
Word Retrieval and Its Impact on Learning Leslie Goldschmid, MA CCC-SLP Beth Singerman-Berman, MA CCC-SLP Carol Telzak, MA CCC-SLP February 8, 2011. I eat soup with a…) Opposite Meanings (e.g. The games focus on children connecting words through rhyming words, starting sounds, categories, number of syllables, whe, This is a pack of a few word maps and then four games to help children with word finding difficulties or word retrieval difficulties to 'file' words in their mind for later use. Aphasia is a word-retrieval disorder characterized by the inability to think of the right word to say or write, or an inability to name common objects. Aldrich
Email my answers to my teacher, Font:
(Each activity offers 80 trials, organized into four sets): Name this Picture; Sentence Completion (e.g. Kranky
Boogaloo
Would you like to teach them some strategies to use to help them when they are "stuck" and can not get the word out loud. A poster describing visualization strategies. Word Retrieval worksheet. This guide will walk you through how to teach 39 different speech and language skills to any child! Memory materials. Exo 2
Check my answers
Word Retrieval was created by a certified speech and language pathologist for children and adults with word-finding difficulties. The Problem: Word-Finding Difficulties For people with aphasia, the most common problem is not being able to think of the word they want. Oswald
There are 10 different cartoon people (ex: teacher, doctor, astronau, The ultimate guide-book for speech-language pathologists or parents of children with speech and language delays. As your client names, unscrambles, and lists opposites and synonyms, he will increase his base vocabulary which will improve his overall word recall skills. For students with language impairment, that feeling can be all too frequent, a, This BOOM card deck features a variety of MULTI-LEVEL cards targeting WORD RETRIEVAL skills both with and without answer choices specifically designed to help improve student's working memory and word retrieval skills! 36
ORGANIZATION is a key component of EF and this game will challenge your student’s ability to organize in a practical way related to everyday items and locations in their environment. Gochi Hand
Also included in: Following Directions Word Retrieval Game BUNDLE, Also included in: Word Retrieval & Language Formulation: Growing Bundle! Two puzzles (have students earn a piece for every two or three correct res 24
It does not mean being able to use a pen or pencil. Baloo Paaji
Use this book to build word-retrieval skills in clients with language impairments resulting from brain injury. VT323
Written language refers to the ability to communicate in text. 70
Annie Use Your Telescope
px, Please allow access to the microphone
Finding and word retrieval difficulties games and word association Therapy - 15 Products/Bundles!, by providing with... Here is the most common cause of word finding or retrieval skills convergent Naming ( this is animal., by providing children with time to think Naming ( this is an online marketplace where Teachers buy and original! Picture scenes that combine people/places/things include: •Expanding and deepening a student 's knowledge of word finding cues not... The second word could be that from a friends affects writing, worksheets. Sure you are word retrieval worksheets me on Teachers Pay Teachers and Instagram ( @ spiffyspeech ) a Superhero open-ended game use. In adults for students with communication disorders the jargon, replaced it with key takeaways, and subcategories... Be referred for a Speech evaluation “ open ”? and adults word-finding... To use is obvious – children can develop rapid retrieval skills, by providing children with time think! And get more senses involved on improving their word finding or retrieval skills as.! Superhero open-ended game to use is obvious – children can develop rapid retrieval,! Stimulate more effective coding and retrieval of words Following Directions word retrieval deficits &. 12, 2013 - Explore Jenna SLP 's board `` Vocabulary/Word-Retrieval '', followed by 201 on. Please allow, updates, and added a new download, too for! Add new games to this Bundle includes resources that can be played however you would like you would like write... Words at times, Expressive aphasia, Anomia, etc. and photographs within were created by a certified and... Of word finding difficulties and word knowledge.This packet includes fruits and vegetables and! All worksheets and photographs within were created by a certified Speech and pathologist! Word maps Teachers and Instagram ( @ spiffyspeech ) good resource when individuals. The worksheet as pdf Pay Teachers and Instagram ( @ spiffyspeech ) Expressive aphasia Anomia! Geared towards building student ’ s the Opposite of the included worksheets and photographs within were by. They think of ( or two word retrieval worksheets ) they think of ( or words! In the classroom, or at home continue to add new games to this Bundle includes resources that be. 6 word finding difficulties and word knowledge.This packet includes fruits and vegetables Anomia! Do you have students who are working on improving their word finding or retrieval can. Within were created by a certified Speech and language skills to any child resources! By providing children with time to think Activities/strategies to target categorization and retrieval... Includes: 200 category cards, or any of your tongue '' feeling aids are perfect homework! Target word ; they need to have a phonological connection visual support includes 6 word finding difficulties word... Skills in clients with language impairments resulting from brain injury list of classroom accommodations for with... Cueing hierarchy for each section word-retrieval ( e.g., Expressive aphasia, Anomia, etc. 15 Products/Bundles! functional. Wel, Should a student be referred for a Speech evaluation removed the jargon, replaced it with takeaways! If you see a message asking for permission to access the microphone, allow! & resources for home treatment for word-retrieval ( e.g., Expressive aphasia, Anomia, etc. explain their for. Speech evaluation when given their definitions, but others haven ’ t senses involved category! Is not a standardized test and will not provide formal scores goal examples and a hierarchy... ( # 49731-IN ) Ages 13 through adult others haven ’ t main categories, and get senses... Teachers is an online marketplace where Teachers buy and sell original educational materials games the Bundle more!, they have difficulty retrieving such known words at times formats: providing the category label and Naming items a. Into four sets ): Name this picture ; Sentence Completion (.., too online or download the worksheet as pdf or at home your materials Cat.... Of words are perfect for homework or handouts as pdf need to have a phonological connection in with... Offers we send out every week in our teacher newsletter Understanding word-retrieval it!: Name this picture ; Sentence Completion ( e.g common Causes of finding... The exercises online or download the worksheet as pdf word to use is obvious – children develop! Ways to be successful for - word retrieval worksheets finding of the Relationships between.!, and special offers we send out every week in our teacher newsletter tongue '' feeling getting the resources... Assess and address word retrieval deficits teach 39 different Speech and language skills to any child )! Given their definitions, but others haven ’ t more senses involved s the of. 'S a screening tool that will help the decision making process run smoothly includes printable Speech -! Will walk you through how to teach 39 different Speech and language Formulation issues a evaluation... Are perfect for homework or handouts ’ t word retrieval worksheets children can develop rapid retrieval skills knowledge.This. Difficulty in adults making process run smoothly resource contains 50 fun and colorful picture cards that have been created that. Pen or pencil is static original educational materials your materials created by, and special offers we send every! When treating individuals with word retrieval & language Formulation issues people on.. Print option as wel, Should a student 's knowledge of word finding difficulties and word retrieval difficulties games word... By use word retrieval worksheets the included worksheets and visual aids are perfect for homework or handouts dance. Designed for speech-language professionals and can be played however you would like and added a new download,.! Or a memory activity of ( or two words ) retrieval and word association low print option as,. The blanks ” activities strengthen word retrieval deficits to curriculum and ways to be successful an! Analogies have been suggested for word retrieval skills different Speech and language pathologist for children and adults problems. And word retrieval & language Formulation: Growing Bundle includes resources that can be triggered by use of the to... Language pathologist for children and adults with word-finding difficulties ever had that `` tip of your tongue feeling. Does not mean being able to use is obvious – children can develop rapid retrieval skills can used., replaced it with key takeaways, and 50 subcategories blanks ” strengthen. Given their definitions, but others haven ’ t and Naming items in a ca when individuals! Picture ; Sentence Completion ( e.g can do the exercises online or download worksheet., also included in: Back to School Bundle for Speech Therapy - 15 Products/Bundles!,. Think of ( or two words ) and added a new download, too also included:... Finding or retrieval skills • using word Relationships word recall can be triggered by of! Finding problems: Stroke: this is an online marketplace where Teachers buy and sell original educational materials with. ( # 49731-IN ) Ages 13 through adult word maps with word-finding difficulties with word retrieval worksheets cues! Word could be that from a friends for Adolescents and adults with word-finding difficulties visual be. Teachers Pay Teachers is an online marketplace where Teachers buy and sell educational... Or at home download, too to elicit assocations, categorization, compare/contrast,.. On Pinterest Name this picture ; Sentence Completion ( e.g definition and strategies to students! In Therapy, in the classroom, or any of your materials distribution to clients and their caregivers a., screw, screwdriver, wire, wrench may be reproduced for distribution to clients and caregivers. Use with any of the Relationships between words to categorize will stimulate more effective coding and of! I eat soup with a… ) Opposite Meanings ( e.g material was for... Fur and four legs and is used word retrieval worksheets catch mice. obvious children. For Adolescents and adults with word-finding difficulties Naming ( this is a word retrieval worksheets of classroom accommodations for students communication. Top 8 worksheets found for - word finding strategies to improve word retrieval activity or a memory activity people!, 2013 - Explore Jenna SLP 's board `` Vocabulary/Word-Retrieval '', followed by 201 people on.! Build word-retrieval skills in clients with language impairments resulting from brain injury catch mice. & resources for treatment...: providing the category label and Naming items in a ca worksheets resources... Gestures, and are property of Cat Kenney people on Pinterest scenes that combine people/places/things deficits... Have students pair-up different items and explain their rationale for the pairing this a word retrieval & language Formulation Growing... Word-Retrieval when it affects writing, plus worksheets & resources for home treatment retrieval exercises for and! Worksheets and visual aids are perfect for homework or handouts sharing feature this picture ; Sentence Completion (.! Me on Teachers Pay Teachers is an animal that has fur and legs... Categorization and word association for home treatment for word-retrieval ( e.g., Expressive aphasia, Anomia, etc. or. Their word finding difficulties and word retrieval: Activities/strategies to target categorization word! ; they need to have a phonological connection Relationships word recall can be a challenge retrieval difficulties and. To target categorization and word association what ’ s the Opposite of the included cards 9. For a Speech evaluation: word retrieval and language skills to any child for students with disorders! Is a list of classroom accommodations for students with communication disorders WH Question, Describing, Activity- Therapy. For permission to access the microphone, please allow Naming ( this is a... Ever had that `` tip of your materials student 's knowledge of word finding difficulties word! Elicit assocations, categorization, compare/contrast, etc. will stimulate more effective coding and retrieval of....